Clinical Evaluation of Xylazine-Butorphanol-Guaifenesin-Ketamine as Short-Term TIVA in Equines

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Clinical Evaluation of Xylazine-Butorphanol-Guaifenesin-Ketamine as Short-Term TIVA in Equines

Xylazine (1.1--mg/kg), butorphanol (0.02--mg/kg), guaifenesin 5% (20--mg/kg), and ketamine (2.2--mg/kg) combinations were able to induce short-term surgical anaesthesia for 23.33 2.57--min in Spiti ponies with excellent to good muscle relaxation and analgesia. Urination and neighing was a constant feature during recovery period. Biphasic P wave, biphasic T wave, and depressed PR segment were common electrocardiographic findings. Biochemical attributes were within physiological limits except a si

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