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webmd.com
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is most often caused by smoking. Nearly everyone with COPD (80% to 90%) has been a long - term smoker, and research supports the fact that smoking cigarettes increases the risk of developing COPD.1 At least 10% to 15% of long - term smokers develop COPD with symptoms; some studies indicate up to 50% of long - term smokers older than age 45 develop COPD.
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